Methohexital Sodium for Injection

What is Methohexital Sodium for Injection?
Methohexital Sodium is an ultra-short-acting barbiturate anesthetic. It is classified as an oxybarbiturate, which distinguishes it from thiobarbiturates like Thiopental. It is approximately 2 to 3 times more potent than Thiopental and is characterized by a very rapid onset and a remarkably quick recovery period. Because of its unique pharmacokinetic profile, it is a preferred agent in settings where rapid awakening and the return of cognitive function are essential.
Uses of Methohexital Sodium for Injection
Induction of General Anesthesia: To rapidly induce unconsciousness before transitioning to inhalational anesthetics.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Often considered the drug of choice for ECT because it has a lower impact on seizure threshold compared to other anesthetics.
Short Surgical Procedures: Ideal for brief interventions such as orthopedic reductions or dental surgeries.
Diagnostic Imaging: Providing sedation for patients (especially pediatric) undergoing brief MRI or CT scans.
Supplement to Regional Anesthesia: To provide "twilight" sedation for patients undergoing procedures with local or spinal blocks.
How Does Methohexital Sodium Work?
Methohexital works by depressing the central nervous system (CNS) through the enhancement of GABA-A receptor activity. It binds to specific sites on the GABA-A receptor complex, increasing the duration of the opening of the chloride ion channel. This leads to hyperpolarization of the neurons and inhibits the transmission of nerve impulses. Its ultra-short duration is due to rapid redistribution from the brain to other body tissues (primarily muscle and fat) rather than immediate metabolism.
FAQs on Methohexital Sodium for Injection
1. How fast does Methohexital take effect? When administered intravenously, Methohexital produces anesthesia within 30 to 60 seconds. The duration of action for a single induction dose is typically only 5 to 10 minutes.
2. Why is it preferred for Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)? Most anesthetics raise the "seizure threshold," making it harder for the doctor to induce the therapeutic seizure required for ECT. Methohexital has a minimal effect on this threshold, allowing for a more effective treatment while still ensuring the patient is fully anesthetized and comfortable.
3. What are the key safety precautions? Methohexital can cause respiratory depression and apnea. It must only be administered by professionals trained in airway management. Additionally, because it is highly alkaline, it must be injected into a secure vein to avoid local tissue irritation or accidental intra-arterial injection, which can cause severe vascular damage.
Therapeutic Category
CNS & Neurology (General Anesthetic / Barbiturate)
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