Droperidol Injection

What is Droperidol Injection?
Droperidol Injection is a potent neuroleptic agent belonging to the butyrophenone class. While originally developed as an antipsychotic, it is most widely used in modern medicine as a highly effective antiemetic in surgical settings. It is particularly valued for its rapid onset of action and its ability to provide sedation and tranquility during the perioperative period, helping patients transition smoothly through recovery.
Uses of Droperidol Injection
Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting (PONV): Highly effective in preventing and treating sickness following general anesthesia.
Surgical Premedication: Used to reduce anxiety and produce a state of mental detachment before a procedure.
Diagnostic Procedures: Facilitates calm during procedures like bronchoscopy or diagnostic imaging.
Neuroleptanalgesia: Often used in combination with an opioid (like fentanyl) to produce a calm, pain-free state for surgery.
Acute Agitation: Occasionally used in emergency settings to manage severe agitation or combative behavior.
How Does Droperidol Injection Work?
Droperidol works primarily by blocking dopamine receptors (specifically D2 receptors) in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the brain. The CTZ is the area responsible for initiating the vomiting reflex; by inhibiting these signals, Droperidol effectively suppresses the urge to vomit. Additionally, it has mild alpha-adrenergic blocking activity, which contributes to its sedative and blood-pressure-lowering effects.
FAQs on Droperidol Injection
1. Why is Droperidol often chosen over other antiemetics for surgery? Droperidol is considered one of the most cost-effective and potent options for PONV, especially in patients who are at high risk for nausea. Its fast-acting nature and secondary sedative benefits make it a versatile tool for anesthesiologists.
2. Is there a specific heart monitoring requirement for this drug? Yes. In some regions, there is a "Black Box Warning" regarding the potential for QT interval prolongation (a heart rhythm issue). It is standard practice to monitor a patient’s heart rhythm (ECG) before and for 2–3 hours after administration, especially if they have pre-existing heart conditions.
3. How is it administered during surgery? It can be administered either via intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) injection. For the prevention of nausea, it is usually given intravenously just before the end of the surgical procedure.
Therapeutic Category
Gastrointestinal (Antiemetic / Neuroleptic)
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