Chloroprocaine Hydrochloride Injection

What is Chloroprocaine Hydrochloride Injection?
Chloroprocaine Hydrochloride is an ester-type local anesthetic known for having one of the fastest onsets and shortest durations of action in clinical anesthesia. Often used in surgical and obstetric settings, it is valued for its rapid metabolism. Because it is broken down almost instantly in the blood, it has an exceptionally low risk of systemic toxicity (LAST), making it a high-safety choice for short procedures or as a "test dose" in epidural anesthesia.
Uses of Chloroprocaine Hydrochloride Injection
Ambulatory (Day) Surgery: Ideal for short surgical procedures where rapid recovery and "room turnover" are required.
Obstetric Anesthesia: Used for epidural anesthesia in labor and for emergency C-sections when a rapid block is necessary.
Infiltration & Nerve Blocks: Providing localized numbing for minor surgical interventions or diagnostic procedures.
Caudal Anesthesia: Frequently used in pediatric and adult regional techniques for lower-body procedures.
Epidural Test Dose: Used to verify correct catheter placement before administering longer-acting anesthetics.
How Does Chloroprocaine Hydrochloride Injection Work?
Chloroprocaine works by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. It binds to voltage-gated sodium channels on the nerve cell membrane, preventing the influx of sodium ions. Unlike amide-type anesthetics (like Lidocaine), Chloroprocaine is an ester and is rapidly hydrolyzed in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase. This rapid metabolic breakdown results in a half-life of less than one minute, ensuring that the drug does not accumulate in the bloodstream.
FAQs on Chloroprocaine Hydrochloride Injection
1. How fast does Chloroprocaine take effect? Chloroprocaine has a very rapid onset, typically providing surgical anesthesia within 6 to 12 minutes depending on the site of injection.
2. How long does the numbing effect last? It is a short-acting anesthetic. The duration of action is generally 30 to 60 minutes. This makes it perfect for "fast-track" surgeries where the goal is to have the patient awake and mobile shortly after the procedure.
3. Is it safe for patients with liver disease? Yes. Because it is metabolized in the blood by enzymes (pseudocholinesterase) rather than in the liver, it is often considered a safer alternative to amide anesthetics for patients with significant hepatic impairment. However, it should be avoided in patients with a known allergy to ester-type anesthetics or PABA.
Therapeutic Category
Anesthetics (Local/Regional Anesthetic - Ester type)
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