Calcium Chloride Injection

What is Calcium Chloride Injection?
Calcium Chloride Injection is a sterile, supersaturated solution of calcium chloride in water. It is a critical electrolyte replenisher used to provide immediate ionized calcium to the bloodstream. Because it provides three times more elemental calcium than Calcium Gluconate per milliliter, it is often preferred in acute or emergency clinical settings where rapid elevation of plasma calcium levels is required.
Uses of Calcium Chloride Injection
Acute Hypocalcemia: Rapid treatment of abnormally low calcium levels that may cause tetany (muscle spasms).
Cardiac Resuscitation: Used to strengthen myocardial contractions when epinephrine fails to improve circulation or in cases of hyperkalemia-induced cardiac arrest.
Magnesium Toxicity: To counteract the CNS and respiratory depressant effects of an overdose of Magnesium Sulfate.
Hyperkalemia: To protect the heart from the toxic effects of high potassium levels in the blood.
Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose: Used as an antidote to reverse the life-threatening cardiovascular effects of calcium channel blocker poisoning.
How Does Calcium Chloride Injection Work?
Calcium is essential for the functional integrity of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems. When injected, it increases the concentration of calcium ions in the extracellular fluid. These ions are vital for muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and blood coagulation. In the heart, calcium ions increase the force of contraction (positive inotropic effect) and improve the electrical conduction required for a steady heartbeat.
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FAQs on Calcium Chloride Injection
1. Is Calcium Chloride the same as Calcium Gluconate? No. While both provide calcium, Calcium Chloride is more potent and irritating to the veins. 10 mL of Calcium Chloride 10% provides approximately 272 mg of elemental calcium, whereas 10 mL of Calcium Gluconate 10% provides only about 90 mg.
2. Why must Calcium Chloride be injected so carefully? Calcium Chloride is highly irritating to tissues. It must be administered through a large vein (preferably a central line) to prevent "extravasation," which is when the fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue, potentially causing severe tissue necrosis (death) or sloughing.
3. Can it be mixed with other medications in the same IV line? Great caution is required. Calcium ions can react with many other drugs (like bicarbonates or phosphates) to form "precipitates" (solid particles) that can be dangerous if they enter the bloodstream. The IV line should be flushed before and after use.
4. How quickly does the patient feel the effects? The effects on the heart and muscles are almost immediate following intravenous administration, which is why it is a staple in emergency "crash carts" in hospitals.
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