Polymyxin B for Injection

What is Polymyxin B for Injection?
Polymyxin B for Injection is a "last-resort" polypeptide antibiotic derived from Bacillus polymyxa. It is used to treat serious, life-threatening infections that do not respond to modern, conventional antibiotics. Due to its potent activity against highly resistant organisms, it is primarily reserved for hospital use in critical care settings to combat "superbugs" and complex systemic infections.
Uses of Polymyxin B for Injection
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI): Specifically those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Enterobacter aerogenes.
Septicemia: Treatment of blood infections when other antibiotics are ineffective.
Meningitis: Management of infections of the brain and spinal cord membranes caused by Pseudomonas.
Corneal Ulcers: Used as an ophthalmic solution (after proper dilution) for severe ocular infections.
Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Infections: Targeting carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and other resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
How Does Polymyxin B for Injection Work?
Polymyxin B acts like a detergent on the bacterial cell membrane. It binds to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and phospholipids in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. This binding disrupts the membrane's integrity, causing it to become "leaky." Essential cellular components escape, and water rushes in, leading to the osmotic burst and death of the bacterial cell.
FAQs on Polymyxin B for Injection
1. Why is Polymyxin B often called a "last-resort" antibiotic? Because of its potential for side effects on the kidneys and nervous system, doctors only use Polymyxin B when a patient has a severe infection that is resistant to safer, more common antibiotics. It is a vital tool against increasingly common multi-drug resistant "superbugs."
2. How is this medication administered? It is typically administered via intravenous (IV) infusion or intramuscular (IM) injection. In some cases of meningitis, it may be administered directly into the spinal canal (intrathecal). For IV use, it must be diluted in a 5% Dextrose solution and infused slowly.
3. What monitoring is necessary during treatment? Close monitoring of renal (kidney) function is essential, as the drug can be nephrotoxic. Doctors also monitor for neurotoxicity, which may manifest as dizziness, numbness, or tingling in the extremities. Patients are usually kept well-hydrated to help protect the kidneys.
Therapeutic Category
Anti-Infectives (Antibiotic)
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