Magnesium Sulphate Injection

What is Magnesium Sulphate Injection?
Magnesium Sulphate Injection is a sterile, concentrated solution of magnesium sulphate heptahydrate. Magnesium is a critical intracellular cation and an essential electrolyte involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions. In clinical settings, this injection is a life-saving intervention, primarily recognized as the "gold standard" for managing hypertensive emergencies during pregnancy and for stabilizing cardiac arrhythmias.
Uses of Magnesium Sulphate Injection
Eclampsia & Pre-eclampsia: The primary treatment to prevent and control seizures in pregnant women with severe toxemia.
Hypomagnesemia: Rapid replacement of magnesium in patients with severe deficiency, often seen in chronic alcoholism or malabsorption.
Torsades de Pointes: A specialized treatment for this specific, life-threatening type of ventricular tachycardia (arrhythmia).
Pre-term Labor (Neuroprotection): Administered to mothers in preterm labor to reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in the infant.
Severe Asthma: Occasionally used as an adjunct bronchodilator in acute, life-threatening asthma exacerbations.
How Does Magnesium Sulphate Injection Work?
Magnesium works as a calcium channel blocker and a CNS depressant. In the brain, it blocks NMDA receptors, which increases the seizure threshold. In the cardiovascular system, it slows the rate of the S-A node impulse and prolongs conduction time. It also acts directly on smooth muscle, causing vasodilation and relaxation of the uterus (tocolytic effect) and bronchial tubes.
FAQs on Magnesium Sulphate Injection
1. Is it safe for the baby when given for eclampsia? Yes. While it crosses the placenta, it is the treatment of choice because preventing maternal seizures is vital for both mother and baby. However, neonates may show signs of magnesium toxicity (like "floppy baby syndrome") if the mother received high doses shortly before birth.
2. How is it administered during an emergency? It is typically given via intravenous (IV) infusion or deep intramuscular (IM) injection. In eclampsia, a "loading dose" is given first, followed by a maintenance infusion. Because the 50% concentration is highly irritating, it must be diluted for IV use.
3. What are the signs of "Magnesium Toxicity"? Clinicians monitor three key signs: loss of deep tendon reflexes (the first sign of toxicity), decreased respiratory rate, and decreased urine output. If toxicity occurs, Calcium Gluconate is the immediate antidote used to reverse the effects.
Therapeutic Category
Anticonvulsant / Electrolyte
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