Oxytocin Injection

What is Oxytocin Injection?
Oxytocin Injection is a sterile, aqueous solution containing a synthetic version of the naturally occurring posterior pituitary hormone. It is a potent oxytocic agent, meaning it specifically stimulates the smooth muscle of the uterus to contract. Because it is synthetic, it does not contain the vasopressin-like impurities found in older animal-derived versions, ensuring a more predictable and safer clinical response during the critical stages of childbirth.
Uses of Oxytocin Injection
Induction of Labor: Initiating uterine contractions in patients with medical indications (such as Rh problems, maternal diabetes, or pre-eclampsia) where early delivery is necessary.
Augmentation of Labor: Strengthening contractions in cases of "uterine inertia," where natural labor is not progressing adequately.
Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH): Routine use following the delivery of the placenta to ensure the uterus contracts firmly, thereby preventing excessive maternal bleeding.
Management of Incomplete Abortion: Used as adjunctive therapy to help the uterus expel remaining tissue in cases of inevitable or incomplete miscarriage.
How Does Oxytocin Injection Work?
Oxytocin acts directly on specific oxytocin receptors located in the myometrium (uterine muscle). As pregnancy progresses, the number of these receptors increases significantly, making the uterus highly sensitive to the hormone at full term. When the drug binds to these receptors, it increases the force and frequency of rhythmic uterine contractions. These contractions mimic natural labor, helping to dilate the cervix and move the fetus through the birth canal.
FAQs on Oxytocin Injection
1. How is Oxytocin administered for labor induction? For the induction or augmentation of labor, Oxytocin must be administered via intravenous (IV) drip infusion, never as a rapid bolus. It is usually diluted in a physiological solution (like Normal Saline) and regulated by an infusion pump to ensure the contractions do not become too frequent or intense, which could distress the fetus.
2. Why is it used after the baby is born? After delivery, the primary risk to the mother is a "soft" or "boggy" uterus (uterine atony) that doesn't stop bleeding. Oxytocin causes the uterus to stay in a tonic contraction, which effectively clamps down on the blood vessels where the placenta was attached, stopping the bleeding.
3. What are the key storage requirements? Oxytocin is a heat-sensitive hormone. To maintain its potency and ensure a shelf life of up to 2–3 years, it should generally be stored under refrigeration (2°C to 8°C). While some formulations are "room temperature stable" for short periods, cold chain maintenance is the gold standard for long-term stability in tropical climates.
Therapeutic Category
Obstetrics & Gynecology (Oxytocic / Uterine Stimulant)
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